As a group we have decided to change stylistic features of our film, as we have decided to use stop motion photographs of the character between the silhouette sequences. We want to create a surreal, dream like effect so we are planning to experiment with colour on the photos, making them unrealistic using red tints etc to depict the uncertainty and unpredictabilty of her life. We also hope to experiment with different camera angles, often using canted to portray her lack of stability.
We plan to be more adventerous and visually interesting throughout our short film and create something different to what we have previously. I feel that this idea change will greatly benefit our group in developing new skills, as its unlike anything we have attempted before.
Wednesday, 23 March 2011
Issues raised whilst filming
Whilst filming we have had a number of issues arrise that have affected the progression of our short film. I have decided to write about the difficulties and ways in which I will avoid them next time and prevent them from occuring again.
Loosing our fotage -
The first time we shot fotage, it was then recorded over with sound meaning a complete re-shoot of our entire film. To prevent this next time we will ensure that when we begin recording sound, it is a new point of the tape and not overwritting previous fotage. We could also use a seperate tape, one for fotage and one for sound to ensure nothing is lost.
Filming fotage that is not of high enough quality -
We filmed fotage that on the camera appeared to be satisfactory, yet when uploaded and able to view it larger we could see the fotage was not our best work, and was usable. Next time we could try uploading the fotage to the computer on location, to check its quality and thoroughly watch what we have filmed carefully. Then we can simply delete it and start again whilst being on location, which will save valuable time.
Fotage was not compatible with editing software -
After filming and trying to upload our fotage, we discovered it was not compatible with the editing software, and would not convert dispite numerous attempts. One thing we could do to prevent this from happening again is to ensure we check that the camera/tape we are using will upload, possibly by shooting some mock fotage and testing it. We could also check with the appropriate people that our fotage will definately upload before shooting.
Location unavailable -
We scheduled a date for filming but unfortunately were unable to due to the location being used (as its set in a house). I will ensure that we plan in advance our scheduled filming times, with back-up dates so that should this problem arrise again we have the next suitable date ready.
Illness within group -
The circumstance was the same as before, and the resolution will be much the same in that planning in advance with back-up dates will ensure that our filming is not massively delayed.
Loosing our fotage -
The first time we shot fotage, it was then recorded over with sound meaning a complete re-shoot of our entire film. To prevent this next time we will ensure that when we begin recording sound, it is a new point of the tape and not overwritting previous fotage. We could also use a seperate tape, one for fotage and one for sound to ensure nothing is lost.
Filming fotage that is not of high enough quality -
We filmed fotage that on the camera appeared to be satisfactory, yet when uploaded and able to view it larger we could see the fotage was not our best work, and was usable. Next time we could try uploading the fotage to the computer on location, to check its quality and thoroughly watch what we have filmed carefully. Then we can simply delete it and start again whilst being on location, which will save valuable time.
Fotage was not compatible with editing software -
After filming and trying to upload our fotage, we discovered it was not compatible with the editing software, and would not convert dispite numerous attempts. One thing we could do to prevent this from happening again is to ensure we check that the camera/tape we are using will upload, possibly by shooting some mock fotage and testing it. We could also check with the appropriate people that our fotage will definately upload before shooting.
Location unavailable -
We scheduled a date for filming but unfortunately were unable to due to the location being used (as its set in a house). I will ensure that we plan in advance our scheduled filming times, with back-up dates so that should this problem arrise again we have the next suitable date ready.
Illness within group -
The circumstance was the same as before, and the resolution will be much the same in that planning in advance with back-up dates will ensure that our filming is not massively delayed.
Silhouette idea
As a group we have thought of a completely new idea, to instead of listen to the character through the webcam the audience sees her through silhouettes we will project, keeping her identity hidden. I feel this is a much more effective approach, as through maintaining confidentiality of the character it creates a sense of deep secrecy and shame. The fact that the characters indentity remains anonymous not only allows the audience to focus on her tale, but also could depict the fact that despite what her family have done to her, she wishes no harm to them.
Originally we were going to project our silhouette onto the brown bedroom wall, but after finding the camera had difficulties focusing we decided instead to use our school cinema screen, which projects a much crisper, striking silhouette.
As you can see from the images using the blue cinema background allows the audience to see certain features of the character, which works emotionally because it reminds them that this is a fragile young girl. We want the audience to be able to see delicate details of the character, such as her eyelashes through the silhouette, as this emphasises and represents her femininity and therefore creates a sense of vulnerability and helplessness.
Originally we were going to project our silhouette onto the brown bedroom wall, but after finding the camera had difficulties focusing we decided instead to use our school cinema screen, which projects a much crisper, striking silhouette.
As you can see from the images using the blue cinema background allows the audience to see certain features of the character, which works emotionally because it reminds them that this is a fragile young girl. We want the audience to be able to see delicate details of the character, such as her eyelashes through the silhouette, as this emphasises and represents her femininity and therefore creates a sense of vulnerability and helplessness.
Possible film names
When choosing a film name we wanted something that would reflect the emotions and actions of the film, but not in an incredibly obvious way. As a group we discussed several ideas which I have then put into a spider diagram.
We are planning to seek extra opinions and ask which name they prefer and why, the results of which I will post later.
We are planning to seek extra opinions and ask which name they prefer and why, the results of which I will post later.
Idea change
Originally we were planning to use a male lead in our film, however due to being unable to make arrangements and find a suitable male to play the part, we have decided one of us will. Using one of our group as the main actor will be beneficial, as we understand our concept most and will know how we want the character to be portrayed.
To decide in the fairest, most effective way we decided to all audition, recording and reciting the same scene which we would then watch back and each vote independently on who we thought did the best. The final decision was made by someone outside our group because we all voted for each other for various reasons and ended up receiving one vote each. The decision was based on who appeared most natural and believable in front of the camera, and who we felt could portray the role best. Below are the audition videos that we made our decision upon:
AUDITION VIDEOS HERE
Using a female instead of a male won't effect our film, and I believe could have its strengths, although females are stereotypically weak and I wanted to oppose that, we could play up to it as females also tend to be more relatable and approachable, therefore we can create a greater sense of sympathy for our character. The character is vulnerable though not mentally weak as many females are stereotypically shown to be, she does deal with her problems in her own way, although not necessarily the accepted way, and shes strong willed in that she will achieve what she set out to do.
To decide in the fairest, most effective way we decided to all audition, recording and reciting the same scene which we would then watch back and each vote independently on who we thought did the best. The final decision was made by someone outside our group because we all voted for each other for various reasons and ended up receiving one vote each. The decision was based on who appeared most natural and believable in front of the camera, and who we felt could portray the role best. Below are the audition videos that we made our decision upon:
AUDITION VIDEOS HERE
Using a female instead of a male won't effect our film, and I believe could have its strengths, although females are stereotypically weak and I wanted to oppose that, we could play up to it as females also tend to be more relatable and approachable, therefore we can create a greater sense of sympathy for our character. The character is vulnerable though not mentally weak as many females are stereotypically shown to be, she does deal with her problems in her own way, although not necessarily the accepted way, and shes strong willed in that she will achieve what she set out to do.
Location shots
These images are of our chosen location, a member of our groups house. We chose a house as our location in order to make our film much more believable and realistic, as well as making our character much more relatable to our same age audience.
Kitchen area, will be used for fridge scenes and party scenes.
Another shot of the kitchen, a room that is often described as the heart of the home and represents the relationship between our character and their family, particularly the mother.
The living room where the some of party scenes will take place.
Again the living area, a place where family will spend time together but in this case it reflects the isolation our character faces.
The most important location of all, the bedroom that our character uses as a sanctuary against the outside world. Its the only place they truly express themselves.
Kitchen area, will be used for fridge scenes and party scenes.
Another shot of the kitchen, a room that is often described as the heart of the home and represents the relationship between our character and their family, particularly the mother.
The living room where the some of party scenes will take place.
Again the living area, a place where family will spend time together but in this case it reflects the isolation our character faces.
The most important location of all, the bedroom that our character uses as a sanctuary against the outside world. Its the only place they truly express themselves.
Location possibilities
For the location of our film, I have researched a few options based on where influences of ours are situated and where films I enjoy are of our genre are located , as we want our film to be located somewhere relatable and realistic that allows the genre and mood to accurately be portrayed. These are images taken from the internet and in a later post I will add photographs of our actual location.
Option 1
Area that accurately portrays Britain and British culture, for example streets that could depicting the doing of British youth, an iconic area such as London or something associated with the British class devision we are representing. Used in films such as 'This is England' and 'Fish tank'.

Option 1
Area that accurately portrays Britain and British culture, for example streets that could depicting the doing of British youth, an iconic area such as London or something associated with the British class devision we are representing. Used in films such as 'This is England' and 'Fish tank'.
Option 2
A realistic location that is relatable to everyone, for example a simplistic location such someones home, a school or an area that is used in mass such as the tube station. Used in films such as 'Kidulthood' and 'The Secret Window'.
Option 3
Areas of work that may not be relatable on a personal level to all, but will still carry certain stigma and provoke a strong emotional reaction. They may be relatable due to personal experience or through media coverage and word of mouth. For example a hospital, police station or courtroom. Used in 'Chan
geling' and 'This is England'.
Option 4
Outdoor areas that create a sense of unknown and potential threat, with little protection and often a sense of hopelessness. These areas may sometimes be isoltaed locations, adding to the idea of being completely vulnerable. For example motorways, parks and woodland areas. Used in 'The Condition' and 'About a girl'.

Storyboard
Shot 1
Shot: Mid/ long shot of character
Action: Setting up the webcam, adjusting it
Duration: 3-5 seconds
Sound: Diegetic sound of the movement of the camera, slight rustling as its moved into position
Lighting: Artificial key lighting, lamp placed near character to highlight the area in which he is sitting whilst the rest of the room falls into shadow
Shot 2
Shot: Mid/ Close-up of character
Action: Character is facing the webcam directly, sitting slightly back on a desk chair. Hands are folded in lap, looks slightly uncomfortable.
Duration: 10/15 seconds
Sound: Diegetic ringing/buzzing of webcam due to recording, slightly muffled sound due to the boys average equipment.
Lighting: Same as before, illuminating character.
Dialogue: "I've been planning to do this for a while now (long pause)..."
Shot 3
Shot: Close-up, point of view through webcam
Action: Character shifts uncomfortably, as though under interigation. Looking down at lap, twiddling fingers
Duration: 5-10 seconds
Sound: Same ambience as before
Lighting: Same as previous
Dialogue: "(continuing from previous)..ever since the family party..."
Shot 4
Shot: Close-up, point of view through webcam
Action: Character looks down awkwardly at lap, as he looks up
TO BE FINNISHED
Film Rating
All film ratings are audited by the BBFC, British Board of Film Classification which allows the content to be rated and assigned an appropriate minimum age range that are allowed to view it. Film ratings are very important because they allow film makers to create films that are extreme without causing distress to inappropriate audiences, because they can be shown to mature audiences who are capable of understanding the logic and meaning behind some complex issues. It also allows film makers to pinpoint their target audience, because if the film includes issues relatable to an average teenager, they can request a rating that reflects this.
I came across an interesting video when deciding the film rating of our short film, in which Shane Meadows makes a point that 'This Is England' was rated an 18 because of the fight scene at the end, which meant that some of the actors who stared in the film, including main character Thomas Turgoose who played Shaun, where unable to view it in cinema or premier at its release. His irritation came from the fact that films depicting war, mass battle and violence were not rated as certificate 18 yet through having the fight scene at the end his was. Watching this gave me some serious consideration, as by rating our film too low inappropriate audiences who couldn't appreciate or understand it could view it, and by rating it too high we could exclude some of our target audience and appear patronising not allowing younger people to watch it.
I think our film is most suited to a certificate rating of 15. The content of the film is not visual nor distressing enough to be classed as an 18 in my opinion, as the film focuses on somebody more around the age of 15-16 and is very much psychological. After watching the interview above I have also chosen for our film to be a 15 because I want people around that age who can relate to be able to watch it, as rating of 18 excludes a large section of a possible audience of teenagers.
However the reason we haven't rated as a 12 is because some of the themes and issues implied and shown are too mature for someone of that age, and won't be fully understood therefore defeating the purpose of the film.
Below is the bbfcs criteria for a film to rated a fifteen certificate, and I have written in red in each section to explain how this relates to our film, justifying our decision.
Suitable only for 15 years and over, no one younger than 15 may see a ‘15’ film in a cinema. No one younger than 15 may rent or buy a ‘15’ rated video work.
Discrimination
The work as a whole must not endorse discriminatory language or behaviour. Our film contains no discriminatory language or behaviour, with only one reference to homosexuality used in a mild, non offensive format.
Drugs
Drug taking may be shown but the film as a whole must not promote or encourage drug misuse. The misuse of easily accessible and highly dangerous substances (for example, aerosols or solvents) is unlikely to be acceptable. Our film does not show, promote or encourage any form of drug taking or solvent abuse. The implication of drinking alcohol is shown once, but not in an extreme manner.
Horror
Strong threat and menace are permitted unless sadistic or sexualised. Our film contains elements of slight sexual and abusive threat, but in a subtle and non-visual form.
Imitable behaviour
Dangerous behaviour (for example, hanging, suicide and self-harming) should not dwell on detail which could be copied. Easily accessible weapons should not be glamorised. There is reference to dangerous behaviour at the very ending of our short film, however the deed itself is not shown, glamorised or encourage as the character performs their actions within context and due to their personal situation. No detail of the actual suicide is dwelled on.
Language
There may be frequent use of strong language (for example, ‘fuck’). The strongest terms (for example, ‘cunt’) may be acceptable if justified by the context. Aggressive or repeated use of the strongest language is unlikely to be acceptable. No or very minimal swearing is used throughout the film, with only one reference to an offensive term that is not considered as swearing.
Nudity
Nudity may be allowed in a sexual context but without strong detail. There are no constraints on nudity in a non-sexual or educational context. The implications of nudity are shown once, with no detail and within context of the narrative.
Sex
Sexual activity may be portrayed without strong detail. There may be strong verbal references to sexual behaviour, but the strongest references are unlikely to be acceptable unless justified by context. Works whose primary purpose is sexual arousal or stimulation are unlikely to be acceptable. Our film contains one verbal reference, which is more of an implication to sexual abuse, and one scene that is not visual and very much implies the act of sex. The films purpose is not sexual arousal or stimulation.
Theme
No theme is prohibited, provided the treatment is appropriate for 15 year olds. The themes covered in our film are mature, however realistically a fifteen year old would be aware of all of them and is mature enough for exposure because its done in a subtle way that implies rather than portrays.
Violence
Violence may be strong but should not dwell on the infliction of pain or injury. The strongest gory images are unlikely to be acceptable. Strong sadistic or sexualised violence is also unlikely to be acceptable. There may be detailed verbal references to sexual violence but any portrayal of sexual violence must be discreet and have a strong contextual justification. Any form of violence, sexual or non is discreet in our film and does not dwell on the deed itself and the pain inflicted upon the person.
I came across an interesting video when deciding the film rating of our short film, in which Shane Meadows makes a point that 'This Is England' was rated an 18 because of the fight scene at the end, which meant that some of the actors who stared in the film, including main character Thomas Turgoose who played Shaun, where unable to view it in cinema or premier at its release. His irritation came from the fact that films depicting war, mass battle and violence were not rated as certificate 18 yet through having the fight scene at the end his was. Watching this gave me some serious consideration, as by rating our film too low inappropriate audiences who couldn't appreciate or understand it could view it, and by rating it too high we could exclude some of our target audience and appear patronising not allowing younger people to watch it.
I think our film is most suited to a certificate rating of 15. The content of the film is not visual nor distressing enough to be classed as an 18 in my opinion, as the film focuses on somebody more around the age of 15-16 and is very much psychological. After watching the interview above I have also chosen for our film to be a 15 because I want people around that age who can relate to be able to watch it, as rating of 18 excludes a large section of a possible audience of teenagers.
However the reason we haven't rated as a 12 is because some of the themes and issues implied and shown are too mature for someone of that age, and won't be fully understood therefore defeating the purpose of the film.
Below is the bbfcs criteria for a film to rated a fifteen certificate, and I have written in red in each section to explain how this relates to our film, justifying our decision.
Suitable only for 15 years and over, no one younger than 15 may see a ‘15’ film in a cinema. No one younger than 15 may rent or buy a ‘15’ rated video work.
Discrimination
The work as a whole must not endorse discriminatory language or behaviour. Our film contains no discriminatory language or behaviour, with only one reference to homosexuality used in a mild, non offensive format.
Drugs
Drug taking may be shown but the film as a whole must not promote or encourage drug misuse. The misuse of easily accessible and highly dangerous substances (for example, aerosols or solvents) is unlikely to be acceptable. Our film does not show, promote or encourage any form of drug taking or solvent abuse. The implication of drinking alcohol is shown once, but not in an extreme manner.
Horror
Strong threat and menace are permitted unless sadistic or sexualised. Our film contains elements of slight sexual and abusive threat, but in a subtle and non-visual form.
Imitable behaviour
Dangerous behaviour (for example, hanging, suicide and self-harming) should not dwell on detail which could be copied. Easily accessible weapons should not be glamorised. There is reference to dangerous behaviour at the very ending of our short film, however the deed itself is not shown, glamorised or encourage as the character performs their actions within context and due to their personal situation. No detail of the actual suicide is dwelled on.
Language
There may be frequent use of strong language (for example, ‘fuck’). The strongest terms (for example, ‘cunt’) may be acceptable if justified by the context. Aggressive or repeated use of the strongest language is unlikely to be acceptable. No or very minimal swearing is used throughout the film, with only one reference to an offensive term that is not considered as swearing.
Nudity
Nudity may be allowed in a sexual context but without strong detail. There are no constraints on nudity in a non-sexual or educational context. The implications of nudity are shown once, with no detail and within context of the narrative.
Sex
Sexual activity may be portrayed without strong detail. There may be strong verbal references to sexual behaviour, but the strongest references are unlikely to be acceptable unless justified by context. Works whose primary purpose is sexual arousal or stimulation are unlikely to be acceptable. Our film contains one verbal reference, which is more of an implication to sexual abuse, and one scene that is not visual and very much implies the act of sex. The films purpose is not sexual arousal or stimulation.
Theme
No theme is prohibited, provided the treatment is appropriate for 15 year olds. The themes covered in our film are mature, however realistically a fifteen year old would be aware of all of them and is mature enough for exposure because its done in a subtle way that implies rather than portrays.
Violence
Violence may be strong but should not dwell on the infliction of pain or injury. The strongest gory images are unlikely to be acceptable. Strong sadistic or sexualised violence is also unlikely to be acceptable. There may be detailed verbal references to sexual violence but any portrayal of sexual violence must be discreet and have a strong contextual justification. Any form of violence, sexual or non is discreet in our film and does not dwell on the deed itself and the pain inflicted upon the person.
Audience Research Quantitive
For our quantitive audience research, we will be compiling a questionnaire to be handed amoungst a large amount of people of all ages, ideally we will want our questionnaire to be completed by 100 + people.
A sample of our questions;
1. Do you enjoy Drama films?
2. What are your favourite drama films?
3. How often do you watch Drama films?
4. What key features do you think makes a good drama film?
5. Do you enjoy Thriller films?
6. What are your favourite Thriller films?
7. How often do you watch Thriller films?
8. What key features do you think makes a good Thriller film?
In a later post I will include the results of the questionnaire, and analysis of the answers.
A sample of our questions;
1. Do you enjoy Drama films?
2. What are your favourite drama films?
3. How often do you watch Drama films?
4. What key features do you think makes a good drama film?
5. Do you enjoy Thriller films?
6. What are your favourite Thriller films?
7. How often do you watch Thriller films?
8. What key features do you think makes a good Thriller film?
In a later post I will include the results of the questionnaire, and analysis of the answers.
Audience Research Qualitive
Focus groups are used primarily to discover opinions, beliefs, attitudes, perceptions and to get general feedback on your product, to ensure it is meeting its specifications within your target audience. A discussion is held between the group members behind the product, and the selected group you are asking.
There are eight different types of focus group we could decide to use, I have written my personal opinions on each one:
Online focus group - computers connected via the internet are used. I feel this could be effective for us to gain insight of peoples opinions that we cannot discuss in person, for example people from other parts of the country or different countries entirely. Getting opinions from people from a variety of places is something I think would be very interesting and help us broaden our horizons.
Teleconference - Telephone networks are used. Again this would help us to communicate with a variety of people, yet I do not think it would be as effective as using the internet, through typing we would be able to plan our questions and responses more carefully and effectively, as in spur of the moment it can be difficult to ensure you are saying exactly what you want to.
Mini focus groups - Groups composed of four or five members. By having a smaller number of members we can ensure we are more attentive to each person within the focus group, and have more time to discuss with each member, therefore I think this would be beneficial for us.
Two way focus group - One focus group watches another and discusses the observed interactions and conclusion. This could be interesting as a way of gaining more insight, yet I don't feel its entirely what is most appropriate for our group, as we are just seeking feedback and opinions from our target audience.
Dual moderator focus group - One moderator ensures the session progresses smoothly, while another ensures that all the topics are covered. This could be useful to ensure we cover everything we set out to do, but I don't think it will be essential for us.
Dueling moderator focus group - Two moderators deliberately take opposite sides on the issue under discussion. This isn't appropriate for us as we are not arguing for or against an issue but trying to receive feedback on a product.
Respondent moderator focus group - One of the respondents is asked to act temporarily as a moderator. We will want all of our respondents to take part in the discussion, so we will not use this method.
Client participant focus groups - One or more client representatives participate in the discussion. This will not be appropriate for us either, as we want to discuss with a group of people to get a variety of opinions.
We will be using the mini focus group, allowing us to attentively discuss with four - five members, meaning we can receive a variety of opinions and feedback.
We will us our friends as our focus group, as they are the right age for the target audience and much like the target audience member I previously described, with varying film tastes. In a later post I will include the questions asked, notes I have made from them and analysis of the answers given.
There are eight different types of focus group we could decide to use, I have written my personal opinions on each one:
Online focus group - computers connected via the internet are used. I feel this could be effective for us to gain insight of peoples opinions that we cannot discuss in person, for example people from other parts of the country or different countries entirely. Getting opinions from people from a variety of places is something I think would be very interesting and help us broaden our horizons.
Teleconference - Telephone networks are used. Again this would help us to communicate with a variety of people, yet I do not think it would be as effective as using the internet, through typing we would be able to plan our questions and responses more carefully and effectively, as in spur of the moment it can be difficult to ensure you are saying exactly what you want to.
Mini focus groups - Groups composed of four or five members. By having a smaller number of members we can ensure we are more attentive to each person within the focus group, and have more time to discuss with each member, therefore I think this would be beneficial for us.
Two way focus group - One focus group watches another and discusses the observed interactions and conclusion. This could be interesting as a way of gaining more insight, yet I don't feel its entirely what is most appropriate for our group, as we are just seeking feedback and opinions from our target audience.
Dual moderator focus group - One moderator ensures the session progresses smoothly, while another ensures that all the topics are covered. This could be useful to ensure we cover everything we set out to do, but I don't think it will be essential for us.
Dueling moderator focus group - Two moderators deliberately take opposite sides on the issue under discussion. This isn't appropriate for us as we are not arguing for or against an issue but trying to receive feedback on a product.
Respondent moderator focus group - One of the respondents is asked to act temporarily as a moderator. We will want all of our respondents to take part in the discussion, so we will not use this method.
Client participant focus groups - One or more client representatives participate in the discussion. This will not be appropriate for us either, as we want to discuss with a group of people to get a variety of opinions.
We will be using the mini focus group, allowing us to attentively discuss with four - five members, meaning we can receive a variety of opinions and feedback.
We will us our friends as our focus group, as they are the right age for the target audience and much like the target audience member I previously described, with varying film tastes. In a later post I will include the questions asked, notes I have made from them and analysis of the answers given.
Target audience
When deciding our target audience, we needed to ensure we chose an age group that would understand the concepts shown within our film, and possibly be able to relate to them which is why we decided our main target audience is people around our age group, that are mature enough to deal with the issues raised. Between the age of 15-25. Below I have visualised our stereotypical target audience member.
Age: 17 - 25
Our target audience member would be someone passionate about the arts, who can appreciate filmaking particularly independent film. Somebody who is sociable, and enjoys pass times such as visiting local cinemas. The person would have a level of maturity that allows them to understand real life, complex issues and be able to deal with them a person who is able to face reality. Other possible subjects the person might enjoy would most probably be creativity based, art, English etc.
The target audience member would need to be open-minded, perceptive and be able to generate opinions.
Age: 17 - 25
Our target audience member would be someone passionate about the arts, who can appreciate filmaking particularly independent film. Somebody who is sociable, and enjoys pass times such as visiting local cinemas. The person would have a level of maturity that allows them to understand real life, complex issues and be able to deal with them a person who is able to face reality. Other possible subjects the person might enjoy would most probably be creativity based, art, English etc.
The target audience member would need to be open-minded, perceptive and be able to generate opinions.
Inspiring film 'Cape Fear'
Cape fear is another film that greatly inspired us, the following extract is the films opening. I particularly like the first few minutes in which the girl is addressing the audience.
Inspiring film 'About a girl'
We were greatly influenced when watching the short film 'About a girl'
'As a girl goes walking alongside a canal, her stories become more and more underlain by an uncomfortable feeling that the gravity of her experience does not match her flippant retelling of her everyday life; her descriptions of pop idols and her favourite ice-cream are mixed with hints about family troubles, poverty and domestic violence.'
'As a girl goes walking alongside a canal, her stories become more and more underlain by an uncomfortable feeling that the gravity of her experience does not match her flippant retelling of her everyday life; her descriptions of pop idols and her favourite ice-cream are mixed with hints about family troubles, poverty and domestic violence.'
Narrative
Our short film focuses on the troubles faced by a young teen, abusive father, aggressive mother, distant sister, our character has no stable role model in their life to confide in or turn to. The twist within our story is the way in which the teen portrays their life, in a positive fulfilled manner. Through a series of images and video clips, the teen will speak about a certain aspect of their life and then be contradicted by the following scene showing the harsh reality. The way in which the teen addresses the audience will always be in an upbeat, joyous manner making a harsh comparison and prompting question of her sanity and well being.
Scene one
We see the main character setting up a webcam on a tripod, from a mid-long shot. Its then cut to a shot from the webcam, as the main character adjusts it, a mid close up of the character.
Muffled noises of movement while the webcam is being set up no other sound can be heard until the webcam is ready and a slight ringing noise coming from the machinery due to recording can be heard , located in the privacy of the characters bed room.
The lighting will be artificial, the source being a bedroom lamp as this scene is set during the evening when natural lighting would not be sufficient.
The character shuffles uncomfortably on the seat, as though being interrogated as he nervously looks straight at the camera and begins "I've been planning to do this for a while now...ever since the family party"
The costume will be neutral, everyday clothing jeans and a tee-shirt or jumper as we want to give the impression that even the most average looking people can be bearing secrets, whilst making our character more believable and relatable. In terms of colour we are deciding around gloomy colours, grey, black, inky blue to reflect how invisible and miserable the character feels.
One the charatcer has finished speaking, he looks down at his lap, then slowly turns his head to the side looking wistful and deep in thought although a slight smile is playing around his lips.
Scene two
Immediatety after the character has turned his head sideways, the camera cuts so his head is in the same position, but in a different location. The family party shows the character being ignored and assulted while his sister does nothing to help.
Sound of absent chatter, music, noise from the party, characters costume remains casual.
Scene three
The camera cuts back to the boy, appearing more at ease as he smiles whilst saying "my dad really loves me". The way the words are spoken almost represent a sense of pride the character has about his special relationship.
A note slips under the characters door from the father mentioning meeting in the bedroom, it is heavily implied that the boy is sexually abused by his father.
Scene four
The camera cuts back and the boy less enthusiastic then before says "mum loves me too, shes always letting me know she cares"
The camera then cuts to the character walking towards a fridge laden with post-it notes, criticising him about personal life, school, moaning about things he hasn't done and expressing a great deal of disappointment.
Emphasis is on the fact that the communication between the two is through post-it notes, rather than speaking.
Scene five
Cuts back to character leaning back in chair reminising "my friends are amazing (slight laughter as he speaks) we always have a laugh"
Cuts to a scene showing the boy home alone whilst 'friends' are out and about.
Scene six
Cut back to bedroom as character says "my sisters always there for me".
Cuts to a point of view shot trailing down a corridor after sister, trying to get her attention as she reaches her bedroom door and promptly slams the door closed in his face, making the boy shudder slightly with the force.
He then says "she was great at the family part" implying she provided support and assistance, when the audience clearly sees she did nothing to help, nor did she express any distress while the incident occurred.
Scene seven
The final scene is the characters ineviateble suicide, although you do not fully see the entire event just the character pushing a chair away and his legs suspended mid air.
Scene one
We see the main character setting up a webcam on a tripod, from a mid-long shot. Its then cut to a shot from the webcam, as the main character adjusts it, a mid close up of the character.
Muffled noises of movement while the webcam is being set up no other sound can be heard until the webcam is ready and a slight ringing noise coming from the machinery due to recording can be heard , located in the privacy of the characters bed room.
The lighting will be artificial, the source being a bedroom lamp as this scene is set during the evening when natural lighting would not be sufficient.
The character shuffles uncomfortably on the seat, as though being interrogated as he nervously looks straight at the camera and begins "I've been planning to do this for a while now...ever since the family party"
The costume will be neutral, everyday clothing jeans and a tee-shirt or jumper as we want to give the impression that even the most average looking people can be bearing secrets, whilst making our character more believable and relatable. In terms of colour we are deciding around gloomy colours, grey, black, inky blue to reflect how invisible and miserable the character feels.
One the charatcer has finished speaking, he looks down at his lap, then slowly turns his head to the side looking wistful and deep in thought although a slight smile is playing around his lips.
Scene two
Immediatety after the character has turned his head sideways, the camera cuts so his head is in the same position, but in a different location. The family party shows the character being ignored and assulted while his sister does nothing to help.
Sound of absent chatter, music, noise from the party, characters costume remains casual.
Scene three
The camera cuts back to the boy, appearing more at ease as he smiles whilst saying "my dad really loves me". The way the words are spoken almost represent a sense of pride the character has about his special relationship.
A note slips under the characters door from the father mentioning meeting in the bedroom, it is heavily implied that the boy is sexually abused by his father.
Scene four
The camera cuts back and the boy less enthusiastic then before says "mum loves me too, shes always letting me know she cares"
The camera then cuts to the character walking towards a fridge laden with post-it notes, criticising him about personal life, school, moaning about things he hasn't done and expressing a great deal of disappointment.
Emphasis is on the fact that the communication between the two is through post-it notes, rather than speaking.
Scene five
Cuts back to character leaning back in chair reminising "my friends are amazing (slight laughter as he speaks) we always have a laugh"
Cuts to a scene showing the boy home alone whilst 'friends' are out and about.
Scene six
Cut back to bedroom as character says "my sisters always there for me".
Cuts to a point of view shot trailing down a corridor after sister, trying to get her attention as she reaches her bedroom door and promptly slams the door closed in his face, making the boy shudder slightly with the force.
He then says "she was great at the family part" implying she provided support and assistance, when the audience clearly sees she did nothing to help, nor did she express any distress while the incident occurred.
Scene seven
The final scene is the characters ineviateble suicide, although you do not fully see the entire event just the character pushing a chair away and his legs suspended mid air.
How I will oppose these rules
I plan to oppose a few of these conventions of both genres, as I want to create a short film that is not generic and will allow me to express myself whilst demonstrating creativity and showing techincal skill. I have been careful to only break the convention where appropriate and doing so in the way that I feel will make our film most effective.
The main conventions I will oppose are;
- The use of a female main character, instead we will use a male. Males are viewed as stereotypically strong, both mentally and physcially so by using a male and going against stereotype, we can create a much more emotive effect, as depiciting someone expected to be strong as frail and vulnerable will be much more effective. I also want to use a male because I don't agree with the traditional stereotype of women being weak, and I want to make a point that both sexes can perform either emotive position.
- Instead of secrecy, our film will work off the idea of exposition, as though the audience is gaining an insight into someones life, almost documentory style. The audience will be put in a privalleged position, being allowed to view the personal dark days of our adolescent.
The main conventions I will oppose are;
- The use of a female main character, instead we will use a male. Males are viewed as stereotypically strong, both mentally and physcially so by using a male and going against stereotype, we can create a much more emotive effect, as depiciting someone expected to be strong as frail and vulnerable will be much more effective. I also want to use a male because I don't agree with the traditional stereotype of women being weak, and I want to make a point that both sexes can perform either emotive position.
- Instead of secrecy, our film will work off the idea of exposition, as though the audience is gaining an insight into someones life, almost documentory style. The audience will be put in a privalleged position, being allowed to view the personal dark days of our adolescent.
Rules of my genre Drama
Following up from my previous post, I have also researched the conventions of the Drama genre demonstrating my prior awareness, as I may wish to oppose them in our short film.
Narrative conventions-
-Traumatic event/s, life struggles, crime, alcoholism etc. These issues provide the 'drama' by provoking emotion and in essence telling someones story, allowing the audience to empathise. Used in 'Fish Tank', 'Changeling'
-The narrative often contains elements that will upset and disturb, such as details of crime, abuse or poverty or medical illness. All of which can cause controversy as they may be uncomfortable to watch and are typically taboo subjects. Used in films such as 'My Sisters Keeper', 'The Lovely Bones' and 'Fish Tank'
- Main character is often well developed, has a real sense of depth and depicts a broad range of emotion, so the audience really get to know this person and therefore feel effected by what happens to them. The lead character can often be innovative or investigative depending on the narrative. Used in 'Changeling' and 'The Lovely Bones' etc
- Relationships between characters are often well developed, whether in a positive or negative way so they have some real connection to the people around them, therefore giving their own character a real background and sense of heritage. Used in 'About a Girl', 'My Sisters Keeper' and 'The Lovely Bones'.
Mise-en-scene conventions -
- Mise-en-scene relates very carefully to the location and the characters, i.e. if set in a home, the mise-en-scene will be personal objects relating to that character or if set in an outside location, the area the character is in will show signs of their culture or have reference to them. Used in 'My Sisters Keeper'
- Costume is kept simplistic yet personalised, the character will be wearing everyday simple clothing yet that matches their personality or culture, such as tracksuit bottoms or a cardigan. This allows the character to be expressive, without being extroverted or extreme. Used in 'Fish Tank'
- The lighting tends to go from extremities, gloomy and foreboding in moments of sadness and grief, to bright, clean artificial in moments of confusion almost a sci-fi affect and to gentle and warming in moments of joy, allowing the audience to see the mood that is being created, and provoke a stronger reaction from them. Used in 'Changeling'
Cinematography conventions -
- Two shots/ group shots are often used to allow the audience to see the relationship between the characters, and how they play off one another for example the sharing of bad news. By being able to see the relationship between the characters, the audience will have a lot more provoked emotion, because it can be used to make latter events seem even more tragic, for example the relationship between a parent and child can be used to make a tragic accident seem much more unnecessary and distressing. Used in 'The Lovely Bones', 'Moulin Rogue' and 'Titanic'.
- Close-up shots are used to portray strong emotion from the characters, distress, pure anguish or someone who is completely distraught. Quite uncomfortable for the audience to see. Used in 'Changeling' and 'The Boy In the Stripped Pyjamas'
- Panning, this can be used to enhance the emotion created by the actor, for example panning side to side swiftly can suggest frantic, desperation etc. Used in 'Changling'
Editing conventions -
- Continuity editing, used in most dramas because the narrative is so important, so its usually kept as simple and basic as possible to keep attention on the action and create a stronger sense of realism, which in turn makes it much more emotive for the audience because its so realistic. This editing can also create the effect of the audience being an extra character, again making them more involved and affected by the film. Used in 'Fish Tank', 'Changeling'
- Cuts on dialogue, used to create the sense of realism as it follows the natural flow of the conversation, making the audience feel involved. The dialogue is very important within a drama because it often progresses the narrative, so the audience attention is solely on this and they concentrate more on what is being said through involvement and simplicity. Used in all of the above dramas I have mentioned.
Narrative conventions-
-Traumatic event/s, life struggles, crime, alcoholism etc. These issues provide the 'drama' by provoking emotion and in essence telling someones story, allowing the audience to empathise. Used in 'Fish Tank', 'Changeling'
-The narrative often contains elements that will upset and disturb, such as details of crime, abuse or poverty or medical illness. All of which can cause controversy as they may be uncomfortable to watch and are typically taboo subjects. Used in films such as 'My Sisters Keeper', 'The Lovely Bones' and 'Fish Tank'
- Main character is often well developed, has a real sense of depth and depicts a broad range of emotion, so the audience really get to know this person and therefore feel effected by what happens to them. The lead character can often be innovative or investigative depending on the narrative. Used in 'Changeling' and 'The Lovely Bones' etc
- Relationships between characters are often well developed, whether in a positive or negative way so they have some real connection to the people around them, therefore giving their own character a real background and sense of heritage. Used in 'About a Girl', 'My Sisters Keeper' and 'The Lovely Bones'.
Mise-en-scene conventions -
- Mise-en-scene relates very carefully to the location and the characters, i.e. if set in a home, the mise-en-scene will be personal objects relating to that character or if set in an outside location, the area the character is in will show signs of their culture or have reference to them. Used in 'My Sisters Keeper'
- Costume is kept simplistic yet personalised, the character will be wearing everyday simple clothing yet that matches their personality or culture, such as tracksuit bottoms or a cardigan. This allows the character to be expressive, without being extroverted or extreme. Used in 'Fish Tank'
- The lighting tends to go from extremities, gloomy and foreboding in moments of sadness and grief, to bright, clean artificial in moments of confusion almost a sci-fi affect and to gentle and warming in moments of joy, allowing the audience to see the mood that is being created, and provoke a stronger reaction from them. Used in 'Changeling'
Cinematography conventions -
- Two shots/ group shots are often used to allow the audience to see the relationship between the characters, and how they play off one another for example the sharing of bad news. By being able to see the relationship between the characters, the audience will have a lot more provoked emotion, because it can be used to make latter events seem even more tragic, for example the relationship between a parent and child can be used to make a tragic accident seem much more unnecessary and distressing. Used in 'The Lovely Bones', 'Moulin Rogue' and 'Titanic'.
- Close-up shots are used to portray strong emotion from the characters, distress, pure anguish or someone who is completely distraught. Quite uncomfortable for the audience to see. Used in 'Changeling' and 'The Boy In the Stripped Pyjamas'
- Panning, this can be used to enhance the emotion created by the actor, for example panning side to side swiftly can suggest frantic, desperation etc. Used in 'Changling'
Editing conventions -
- Continuity editing, used in most dramas because the narrative is so important, so its usually kept as simple and basic as possible to keep attention on the action and create a stronger sense of realism, which in turn makes it much more emotive for the audience because its so realistic. This editing can also create the effect of the audience being an extra character, again making them more involved and affected by the film. Used in 'Fish Tank', 'Changeling'
- Cuts on dialogue, used to create the sense of realism as it follows the natural flow of the conversation, making the audience feel involved. The dialogue is very important within a drama because it often progresses the narrative, so the audience attention is solely on this and they concentrate more on what is being said through involvement and simplicity. Used in all of the above dramas I have mentioned.
Rules of my genre Thriller
The genre we have decided to create our short film about is a combination of drama and thriller so I have researched the conventions of each genre. The typical conventions for Thriller are shown below;
Thriller -
Narrative conventions -
Thriller -
Narrative conventions -
-A complex narrative, with twists and turns to keep the audience guessing, used in films such as 'The Secret Window' that allow the audience to be stimulated through unravelling a mystery
-Prying on the weak and vulnerable, usually a female main character and often involving children, used in 'The Others' that allow the audience to emphathise, and make the whole situation seem much more unjustified
-Not very visual, work more pyschologically, ties in with the complex narrative as they stimulate the audience and make them really think, used in 'Dark Water'
- Suspense created throughout, the feeling as though something is going to happen any minute that leaves the audience on the edge of their seats and keeps them gripped, used in 'The Ring'
- A terrifying event such as a murder, or paranormal activity etc immediately creating an eerie atmosphere, sometimes an event that needs investigation, used in films such as 'The Others' 'Scream' and 'The Ring'
- Red herrings, commonly used to mis-lead the audience creating greater impact when they realise the truth, used in 'Scream'
- Secrecy, the feeling that all is not as it seems, often veneers are used to hide a characters past, or a traumatic event etc used in 'The Others'
Mise-en-scene conventions -
- Isolated locations, the characters are often situated in areas of little population, leaving the feeling that no one is around to help, used in 'The Shining'
- Iconic imagery, items such as mirrors that are thought of as 'portals to another world', weaponary such as knives, guns etc that create the implication of torture or abuse, used in films such as 'The Others', 'The Shining'
- Characters costume is kept relatively basic depending on the role they play, red herrings may be dressed in an obvious extrovert style to draw attention to them, whilst the main character will wear basic simplistic clothing that sometimes reflects an age younger than they are to create sympathy. Used in 'Donnie Darko'
Cinematography conventions -
- Often shots are used looking directly at characters from a hidden area, creates the feeling of being watched or stalked and makes the audience feel uncomfortable. Used in 'The Others'
- Group shots are used showing the character in the foreground, with something sinister only the audience can see in the background, creates the impression of naviety and puts the audience in a position where they know more than the character. Used in 'The Ring'
- Shallow depth of field can be used to enhance the background, making the foreboading threat prominant, and the weak, vulnerable character appear even more in danger and insignificant
- Tracking, often used in a chasing sequence to give the audience the impression they are being hunted down, creating fear and panic. Used in 'The Shining'
Editing conventions -
- Quick cuts between the character and the danger they are approaching cuts on action, allows us to see their expression and think what must be running through their minds, as well as elongating the scene and building tension. Used in 'The Others'
- Quick jumpy cuts to different aspects of a terrfying scene, allows the audience to see the terror from all angles and almost creates a realistic view. Used in 'The Ring'
- Continutiy editing during conversation, cut on dialogue, this subtle editing during conversations makes the sequence appear much more natural, and tends to be used during conversation bewteen two characters in thrillers because every conversation is key to the narrative, so this natural effect is much more realistic and frightening. Used in 'The Shining', 'The Others', 'The Ring', 'The Secret Window' etc
Creative filmaking
These are the rules of classic film making, that I will need to understand in order to produce my short film. Once the rules have been understood, I can then if I chose oppose them.
1. Know the rules of your genre and follow them, e.g. consider lighting and mise-en-scene for horror, creativity starts as a rule following exercise. Follow technical codes and principles of classic filmaking - beginning, middle and end, continuity editing, 180 degree rule, cut on action.
2. Break the rules if appropriate, challenging generic conventions, you must know the rules before you break them - creatively intelligent, substitution exercises e.g. in gangster use female instead of male, substitute a murder weapon - instead of knife or gun use pen or bag, use counterpoint sound instead of parallel.
3. Plan the film - script, storyboard, mise-en-scene, planning allows for creative revision. Produce a short film script in industry format - five pages, one page of script equals on minute of film time. Audition actors and film them, plan shots in a sketched format and later photograph them, appoint director, production designer, editor. Mise en scene - maintain continuity - particularly weather, shoot outdoor scenes together.
4. Narrative short film, protagonist characters have emotional goal, adventure, sense of enigma, moments of conflict, resolution.
5. Personality - the best creative work has a sense of identity, a signature i.e film what you know, pay homage to a key text that has influenced your film
6. Team - use people suited to their roles, choose the best and audition, screening your film before the final edit, note down audience feedback.
1. Know the rules of your genre and follow them, e.g. consider lighting and mise-en-scene for horror, creativity starts as a rule following exercise. Follow technical codes and principles of classic filmaking - beginning, middle and end, continuity editing, 180 degree rule, cut on action.
2. Break the rules if appropriate, challenging generic conventions, you must know the rules before you break them - creatively intelligent, substitution exercises e.g. in gangster use female instead of male, substitute a murder weapon - instead of knife or gun use pen or bag, use counterpoint sound instead of parallel.
3. Plan the film - script, storyboard, mise-en-scene, planning allows for creative revision. Produce a short film script in industry format - five pages, one page of script equals on minute of film time. Audition actors and film them, plan shots in a sketched format and later photograph them, appoint director, production designer, editor. Mise en scene - maintain continuity - particularly weather, shoot outdoor scenes together.
4. Narrative short film, protagonist characters have emotional goal, adventure, sense of enigma, moments of conflict, resolution.
5. Personality - the best creative work has a sense of identity, a signature i.e film what you know, pay homage to a key text that has influenced your film
6. Team - use people suited to their roles, choose the best and audition, screening your film before the final edit, note down audience feedback.
Photography skills 2
I have learnt about the manual setting on a digital camera, and how to alter the different settings to achieve the effect I want, which is important when photographing an image for our poster.
Shutter speed:
The shutter speed is essentially the speed of the shutter process, how long it takes to open and close measured in either tenths or hundredths of a second. The shutter speed determines how much light is let into an image, and therefore how well your photograph is lit so it can be useful in different circumstances as there is no 'correct setting'. If your shooting a picture in an area of very little light, the shutter speed would be slower allowing more light into the image, and vice versa because in a well lit area you wouldn't need to let as much light in. The shutter speed is altered by a dial near the top of the camera, the model we used had a maximum shutter speed of 1 4000's of a second so would be used in extremely bright areas. The minimum setting for shutter speed is called bulb, which allows the camera user to hold down the shutter button for as long as they wish, however it nearly always produces a blurry image. Shutter speed will be important when photographing images for our poster as I now understand how I can alter it depending on the strength of the light source and the tone I wish to create.
F stop - appiture:
This is essentially a mechanism inside the camera that opens and closes depending on how much light is in the area, so it adjusts accordingly like the human eye to the light source, allowing a certain amount in. To alter this function I would hold down the + and - buttons on the camera whilst turning the dial, the bigger the number the smaller the appiture and less light that gets through. The camera we used had a maximum setting of 32, and a minimum of 5. This will be useful because if for example we shoot in an extremely bright area, I know how to control how much light is let into the camera so it won't be overpowering and vice versa, allowing me to create the mood I want for our images.
ISO:
These are the light cells at the back of the camera, and their sensitivity is controllable by going on menu/iso sensitivity settings. The higher the sensitivity, the lighter the image will become. The settings for iso are:
100 - Very rarely used, good for controlled studio portraits because of time constraints and the controlled environment.
200 - Provides an average sensitivity, used in good weather and interiors
400- Quite sensitive to the light and therefore the image can become grainy at this point
800 + 1600- separate settings that will again increase the sensitivity and therefore are very likely to be grainy
High1 - The highest setting for iso on the camera we used, roughly the equivalent of 3200 (doubles each time), will always give a grainy picture and is good for achieving a rough, vintage or raw style image.
Shutter speed:
The shutter speed is essentially the speed of the shutter process, how long it takes to open and close measured in either tenths or hundredths of a second. The shutter speed determines how much light is let into an image, and therefore how well your photograph is lit so it can be useful in different circumstances as there is no 'correct setting'. If your shooting a picture in an area of very little light, the shutter speed would be slower allowing more light into the image, and vice versa because in a well lit area you wouldn't need to let as much light in. The shutter speed is altered by a dial near the top of the camera, the model we used had a maximum shutter speed of 1 4000's of a second so would be used in extremely bright areas. The minimum setting for shutter speed is called bulb, which allows the camera user to hold down the shutter button for as long as they wish, however it nearly always produces a blurry image. Shutter speed will be important when photographing images for our poster as I now understand how I can alter it depending on the strength of the light source and the tone I wish to create.
F stop - appiture:
This is essentially a mechanism inside the camera that opens and closes depending on how much light is in the area, so it adjusts accordingly like the human eye to the light source, allowing a certain amount in. To alter this function I would hold down the + and - buttons on the camera whilst turning the dial, the bigger the number the smaller the appiture and less light that gets through. The camera we used had a maximum setting of 32, and a minimum of 5. This will be useful because if for example we shoot in an extremely bright area, I know how to control how much light is let into the camera so it won't be overpowering and vice versa, allowing me to create the mood I want for our images.
ISO:
These are the light cells at the back of the camera, and their sensitivity is controllable by going on menu/iso sensitivity settings. The higher the sensitivity, the lighter the image will become. The settings for iso are:
100 - Very rarely used, good for controlled studio portraits because of time constraints and the controlled environment.
200 - Provides an average sensitivity, used in good weather and interiors
400- Quite sensitive to the light and therefore the image can become grainy at this point
800 + 1600- separate settings that will again increase the sensitivity and therefore are very likely to be grainy
High1 - The highest setting for iso on the camera we used, roughly the equivalent of 3200 (doubles each time), will always give a grainy picture and is good for achieving a rough, vintage or raw style image.
Photography skills 1
As part of our course we are also being shown photography settings, and how to adjust them on manual mode to achieve the effect we desire. The first thing I have learnt is the different types of photography shot, that will be useful when considering the positioning of my subjects when making our film poster, as different shots portray different meanings, evoking different thoughts and emotions from our audience as well as being used to establish certain facts.
Extreme wide shot:
Also known as a telephoto shot, this shot encompasses a whole area and therefore is not suitable for most average interiors, instead being used in wide open landscapes to show the full surrounding, where the subject is not visible. Often used as an establishing shot.
Very wide shot:
A very wide shot can also be used as an establishing shot, as its slightly closer than an extreme wide shot yet the subject is still only just visible.
Wide shot:
The subject takes up the full frame, nearly touching the top and bottom of the image but not quite as this could look uncomfortable. Its as close as possible to the subject without cutting off any part of him.
Mid shot:
This shot is usually from the torso upwards, and replicates a natural conversation level where viewing the legs is insignificant. It allows the audience to see the subject in detail, but with room for body language and slight gestures, as well as being able to see the surrounding area. The most commonly used shot, its useful for delivering information.
Mid close-up:
The medium close-up is halfway between a mid shot and a close-up, usually fitting in no more than two people as it allows the viewer to see the subject clearly, usually from around the upper arms and upward.
Close-up:
A close-up shot is where a certain feature of the subject takes up most of the frame, usually their face to portray the emotion and mood of the image.
Extreme close-up
Shows high definition details of the subject, usually the face focusing on an area such as the eyes. Used to show emotion in very dramatic scenes, such as depicting deep emotional pain.
A lot of these shots relate directly to camera shots when filming, and have the same reasoning behind them so by revising these shots I can apply a variety of them to my film, and use the most appropriate ones for my digital photography and editing. A slight difference is the names of the first few shots, as in photography its called an extreme wide shot, and for filming extreme long shot so I will use the correct terminology depending on the media I am discussing or using.
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